Mechanical Properties of Typical Engineering Materials
| Material | Young's Modulus (GPa)(psi) | Shear Modulus (GPa)(psi) | Poisson's Ratio | Yield Strength (MPa)(ksi) | Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa)(ksi) | Density (kg/m³)(lb/ft³) | Thermal Expansion Coefficient (µm/m°C)(µin/in°F) | Fatigue Limit (MPa)(ksi) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 21030457 | 8011603 | 0.3 | 25036.3 | 40058 | 7850490 | 126.7 | 25036.3 |
| Aluminum | 7010153 | 263771 | 0.33 | 9513.8 | 15021.8 | 2700169 | 2312.8 | 659.4 |
| Titanium | 11015954 | 446386 | 0.34 | 830120.4 | 950137.8 | 4500281 | 95.0 | 24034.8 |
| Cast Iron | 12017405 | 456527 | 0.27 | 22031.9 | 31045 | 7200449 | 105.6 | 20029 |
| Copper | 13018855 | 486962 | 0.34 | 7010.2 | 21030.5 | 8960559 | 168.9 | 608.7 |
| Polyethylene | 0.229 | 0.114.5 | 0.42 | 202.9 | 405.8 | 95059 | 10055.6 | 101.5 |
| Carbon Fiber | 23033359 | 152175 | 0.2 | 800116 | 1200174 | 1800112 | -- | 50072.5 |
| E-Glass | 7310587 | 304351 | 0.22 | 1500217 | 2000290 | 2550159 | 52.8 | 7010.2 |
| S-Glass | 9013053 | 355076 | 0.23 | 1600232 | 2500362 | 2490155 | 52.8 | 8011.6 |
| Stainless Steel | 20029008 | 7711173 | 0.3 | 25036.3 | 60087 | 8000500 | 179.4 | 25036.3 |
| Nickel Alloy | 21030457 | 8312035 | 0.31 | 30043.5 | 800116 | 8900556 | 137.2 | 28040.6 |
| Brass | 10014504 | 375366 | 0.34 | 7010.2 | 20029 | 8530532 | 1910.6 | 8011.6 |
| Lead | 162321 | 5.6812 | 0.42 | 202.9 | 304.4 | 11340708 | 2815.6 | 101.5 |
| PVC | 2.9421 | 1.1160 | 0.38 | 507.3 | 7010.2 | 138086.2 | 8044.4 | 202.9 |
| Rubber | 0.011.45 | 0.00040.058 | 0.5 | 50.73 | 101.5 | 110068.7 | 200111 | -- |
Disclaimer: The list here is just a typical values of common materials in engineering application for quick reference. For more accurate values, please refer to your actual material vendor’s data.
Short Description About Mechanical Properties In the Table
- Young’s Modulus: Measures the stiffness of a material, representing its ability to resist deformation under tensile stress. Higher values indicate stiffer materials.
- Shear Modulus: Describes the material’s resistance to shear deformation, indicating how it responds to forces applied parallel to its surface.
- Poisson’s Ratio: A ratio indicating how much a material contracts or expands perpendicular to the direction of compression or tension.
- Yield Strength: The stress at which a material begins to deform permanently. Materials under stresses below this point will return to their original shape after load removal.
- Ultimate Tensile Strength: The maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.
- Density: The mass per unit volume of a material, affecting weight and overall strength of materials in applications.
- Thermal Expansion Coefficient: Measures how much a material expands or contracts with changes in temperature. Important in applications subject to temperature variations.
- Fatigue Limit: The maximum stress a material can endure for an infinite number of cycles without failing, relevant in applications with repeated loading.
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